Skeptical Science New Research for Week #27 2025
Posted on 3 July 2025 by Doug Bostrom, Marc Kodack
Open access notables
The Emergence of Near-Permanent Marine Heatwave State in the Tropical Indian Ocean During 2023–2024, Soumya, International Journal of Climatology
In 2023/24, global mean surface temperatures exceeded 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, and the Tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) experienced a record-breaking basin mean anomalous warming of 0.88°C. This unprecedented warming in the TIO is linked to the severe and long-lasting marine heatwave (MHW) events ever recorded in the region, reconciling with the ongoing long-term warming and internal climate variabilities. The MHW events of 2023/24 were primarily centred in the Arabian Sea (AS) and southwestern TIO regions, with mean intensities of 0.73°C and 0.89°C, respectively. The prolonged MHW event developed in the AS region in August 2023 and in the southwestern TIO in July 2023 due to increased oceanic heat gain associated with increased insolation and reduced latent heat loss. The MHW event in the AS was sustained throughout the remainder of the year and the following year by subsurface warming due to the convergence of surface winds in the AS and suppressed cooling by vertical processes. In the southwestern TIO, the event intensified and lasted till December 2024, driven by thermocline warming induced by downwelling Rossby waves, triggered by intensified easterlies associated with an anomalously westward extended cold tongue in the equatorial Indian Ocean, linked to the co-occurrence of strong El Niño and extreme equatorial positive Indian Ocean Dipole (PIOD) events. The extreme warming of the TIO during 2023/24 underscores the ongoing impact of climate change on global ocean surface warming.
Glaciers in Western Canada-Conterminous US and Switzerland Experience Unprecedented Mass Loss Over the Last Four Years (2021–2024), Menounos et al., Geophysical Research Letters
Over the period 2021–2024, glaciers in Western Canada and the conterminous US (WCAN-US), and Switzerland respectively lost mass at rates of 22.2 ± 9.0 and 1.5 ± 0.3 Gt yr−1 representing a twofold increase in mass loss compared to the period 2010–2020. Since 2020, total ice volume was depleted by 12% (WCAN-US) and 13% (Switzerland). Meteorological conditions that favored high rates of mass loss included low winter snow accumulation, early-season heat waves, and prolonged warm, dry conditions. High transient snow lines, and impurity loading due to wildfires (WCAN-US) or Saharan dust (Switzerland) darkened glaciers and thereby increased mass loss via greater absorbed shortwave radiation available for melt. This ice-albedo feedback will lead to continued high rates of thinning unless recently exposed dark ice and firn at high elevations is buried by seasonal snowfall. Physical models that simulate impurity deposition and movement through firn and ice are needed to improve future projections of glacier mass change.
Early warning signs of salt marsh drowning indicated by widespread vulnerability from declining belowground plant biomass, Runion et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Intensifying stressors are weakening resilience in ecosystems across the globe. Here, we show that belowground biomass (BGB), a proxy for salt marsh health, has decreased over a large area of coastal marshes since 2014, indicating growing vulnerability to sea-level rise (SLR)-induced drowning. Using observational modeling, we show a shift in plant biomass allocation, away from belowground resources, which are critical for resilience, toward higher aboveground stocks. Marsh drowning is likely underway, and the window for action may be short lived.
From this week’s government/NGO section:
Air and greenhouse gas pollution from private jets, 2023, Daneil Sitompul and Dan Rutherford, International Council on Clean Transportation
While there are several high-fidelity emission inventories for commercial aviation, data on greenhouse gas (GHG) and air pollution from general aviation aircraft, notably private jets activity, remain limited. The authors fill this gap by estimating how much, and where, air and GHG pollution was emitted globally by private jets in 2023. The authors used both a top-down and bottom-up emissions inventory for private jet flights using a variety of data sources, including global flight trajectories, airport coordinates, and engine emission databases.
NDCs as levers for prosperity, health and resilience, Denton et al, Climate Crisis Advisory Group
Current Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) are not meeting the urgency or scale of the climate crisis. On the present course, they leave the world heading towards 3°C of warming – well beyond the 1.5°C target set in the Paris Agreement. This report positions NDCs as strategic national tools to drive inclusive growth, resilience, and public well-being. The authors present 10 transformative recommendations to help countries embed climate ambition into national development strategies. These are grouped under four themes: driving prosperity and stability, building healthy and resilient communities, ensuring effective and equitable implementation, and accelerating action and ambition. Collectively, they show how NDCs can become levers for green investment, job creation, and systemic reform – offering a pathway from climate risk to shared, sustainable prosperity. Governments must use the NDC cycle as an opportunity not only to ratchet ambition, but to make climate action a cornerstone of economic and social policy.
130 articles in 56 journals by 891 contributing authors
Physical science of climate change, effects
A Wavier Polar Jet Stream Contributed to the Mid-20th Century Winter Warming Hole in the United States, Chalif et al., AGU Advances Open Access 10.1029/2024av001399
A Weakened AMOC Could Cause Southern Ocean Temperature and Sea-Ice Change on Multidecadal Timescales, Diamond et al., Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Open Access 10.1029/2024jc022027
Characteristics and mechanisms of summer long-lived heatwaves in Western North America: Perspective from Rossby wave train, Qiang et al., Atmospheric Research 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108208
Climate Feedbacks Derived From Spatial Gradients in Recent Climatology, Goodwin et al., Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Open Access 10.1029/2024jd043186
Meteorological Impact of Glacier Retreat and Proglacial Lake Temperature in Western Norway, Haualand et al., Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Open Access 10.1029/2024jd042715
Observations of climate change, effects
Assessment of the Role of Anthropogenic Climate Change on an Unprecedented Heatwave Event over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau during August 2022, Chen et al., Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 10.1175/bams-d-24-0026.1
Attribution of Heat Extremes and its Health Effects in Yangtze River Basin in Late Summer 2024, Ren et al., Weather and Climate Extremes Open Access 10.1016/j.wace.2025.100787
Decreasing frequency of low and moderate fire weather days may be contributing to large wildfire occurrence in the northern Sierra Nevada, Collins, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110688
Fingerprint-Based Attribution and Constrained Projection of Global Risk of Daily Compound Hot Extremes, Li et al., Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 10.1029/2024jd041986
Firestorm in California: The new reality for wildland-urban interface regions, Amiri et al., Urban Climate Open Access 10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102528
Heat Wave Trends in Canadian Regions, Kirchmeier-Young et al., Atmosphere Open Access 10.1080/07055900.2025.2521501
The Emergence of Near-Permanent Marine Heatwave State in the Tropical Indian Ocean During 2023–2024, Soumya, International Journal of Climatology 10.1002/joc.70014
Warming and salinity changes of the upper ocean Caribbean through-flow since 1960, Gradone et al., Scientific Reports Open Access 10.1038/s41598-025-05494-z
Instrumentation & observational methods of climate change, effects
A 1-km daily high-accuracy meteorological dataset of air temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, and sunshine duration across China (1961–2021), Zhao et al., Open Access 10.5194/essd-2025-291
An updated reconstruction of Antarctic near-surface air temperatures at monthly intervals since 1958, Bromwich et al., Earth System Science Data Open Access 10.5194/essd-17-2953-2025
The third Met Office Unified Model–JULES Regional Atmosphere and Land Configuration, RAL3, Bush et al., Geoscientific Model Development Open Access 10.5194/gmd-18-3819-2025
Urban Heat Island Effects in U.S. Summer Surface Temperature Data, 1895–2023, Spencer et al., Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 10.1175/jamc-d-23-0199.1
Modeling, simulation & projection of climate change, effects
Anthropogenic Impacts on Asian Drought Trends: Distinct Effects of Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols, Zhang et al., Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 10.1029/2025jd043887
Enhanced Eastern Pacific Warming Weakens ENSO Asymmetry Post-2100 Under Persistent Greenhouse Warming, Geng & Cai, Geophysical Research Letters Open Access 10.1029/2025gl115407
Evaluation and Projection of Precipitation and Precipitation Extremes in the Source Region of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers Based on CMIP6 Model Optimization and Statistical Downscaling, Li et al., Atmospheric Science Letters Open Access 10.1002/asl.1305
Future Precipitation Change in West Africa Using NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 Models Based on Multiple Machine Learning Algorithms, Dioha et al., International Journal of Climatology 10.1002/joc.8930
Advancement of climate & climate effects modeling, simulation & projection
Advanced climate model evaluation with ESMValTool v2.11.0 using parallel, out-of-core, and distributed computing, Schlund et al., Geoscientific Model Development Open Access 10.5194/gmd-18-4009-2025
An improved and extended parameterization of the CO2 15 µm cooling in the middle and upper atmosphere (CO2&cool&fort-1.0), López-Puertas et al., Geoscientific Model Development Open Access 10.5194/gmd-17-4401-2024
Consistent responses to black carbon and carbon dioxide at global and 100 m model resolutions, Stjern et al., Communications Earth & Environment Open Access 10.1038/s43247-025-02491-y
Evaluation of convectively coupled Kelvin waves in CMIP6 coupled climate models, Ji et al., Atmospheric Research 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108214
Evaluation of the Performance of HighResMIP CMIP6 in Simulating Extreme Precipitation in Madagascar, Rabezanahary Tanteliniaina et al., International Journal of Climatology 10.1002/joc.70011
How Do Differences in the Simulation of Present-Day Clouds Affect Cloud Feedbacks?, Aerenson & Marchand, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Open Access 10.1029/2025jd044020
Potential for Machine Learning Emulators to Augment Regional Climate Simulations in Provision of Local Climate Change Information, Kendon et al., Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 10.1175/bams-d-24-0114.1
Potential for Machine Learning Emulators to Augment Regional Climate Simulations in Provision of Local Climate Change Information, Kendon et al., Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 10.1175/bams-d-24-0114.1
“Which Projections Do I Use?” Strategies for Climate Model Ensemble Subset Selection Based on Regional Stakeholder Needs, Wootten et al., Geophysical Research Letters Open Access 10.1029/2025gl116492
Cryosphere & climate change
Bathymetry-constrained warm-mode melt estimates derived from analysing oceanic gateways in Antarctica, Nicola et al., The Cryosphere Open Access 10.5194/tc-19-2263-2025
Environmental Impacts from Projected Permafrost Thaw in Alaska: Defining Knowledge Gaps, Data Needs, and Research Priorities, Spero et al., Weather, Climate, and Society 10.1175/wcas-d-24-0150.1
Glaciers in Western Canada-Conterminous US and Switzerland Experience Unprecedented Mass Loss Over the Last Four Years (2021–2024), Menounos et al., Geophysical Research Letters Open Access 10.1029/2025gl115235
Ice Front and Mélange Dynamics at Kangerlussuaq Glacier, Eastern Greenland, Since 1981, and Future Stability, Lippert et al., Geophysical Research Letters Open Access 10.1029/2024gl113982
Impacts of Antarctic summer sea-ice extremes, Doddridge et al., PNAS Nexus Open Access 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf164
Large-scale ice-shelf calving events follow prolonged amplifications in flexure, Teder et al., Nature Geoscience Open Access 10.1038/s41561-025-01713-4
Mass Balance reconstruction of a reference glacier in Central Asia during 2000−2023: Integrating simulation and in-situ measurements, WANG et al., Advances in Climate Change Research Open Access 10.1016/j.accre.2025.06.006
Permafrost-wildfire interactions: Active layer thickness estimates for paired burned and unburned sites in northern high-latitudes, Talucci et al., Open Access 10.5194/essd-2024-526
Role of elevation feedbacks and ice sheet–climate interactions on future Greenland ice sheet melt, Feenstra et al., The Cryosphere Open Access 10.5194/tc-19-2289-2025
Shortened thawing and freezing intervals in the northern hemisphere since 1990 from sites observations and remote sensing, Yang et al., Remote Sensing of Environment 10.1016/j.rse.2025.114881
Smoothed monthly Greenland ice sheet elevation changes during 2003–2023, Khan et al., Earth System Science Data Open Access 10.5194/essd-17-3047-2025
The demise of the world’s largest piedmont glacier: a probabilistic forecast, Brinkerhoff et al., Open Access 10.5194/egusphere-2024-2354
Sea level & climate change
Paleoshoreline to Anthropocene Coast: assessing coastal stability and vulnerability in response to sea level changes, Rafeeque et al., Journal of Disaster Science and Management Open Access 10.1007/s44367-025-00013-3
Paleoclimate & paleogeochemistry
Arctic speleothems reveal nearly permafrost-free Northern Hemisphere in the late Miocene, Vaks et al., Nature Communications Open Access 10.1038/s41467-025-60381-5
Early Triassic super-greenhouse climate driven by vegetation collapse, Xu et al., Nature Communications Open Access 10.1038/s41467-025-60396-y
Millennial-timescale thermogenic CO2 release preceding the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, Jiang et al., Nature Communications Open Access 10.1038/s41467-025-60939-3
Plume-induced emissions of deep methane linked to the end-Guadalupian mass extinction, Liu et al., Nature Communications Open Access 10.1038/s41467-025-61147-9
Polar wander leads to large differences in past climate reconstructions, Leonard et al., Communications Earth & Environment Open Access 10.1038/s43247-025-02485-w
Biology & climate change, related geochemistry
Chronic Heat Tolerance Reveals Overestimated Thermal Safety Margins and Increased Vulnerability in Marine Fish Populations, Molina et al., Ecology Letters 10.1111/ele.70165
Climate vulnerability assessment of fish and invertebrates in the U.S. South Atlantic large marine ecosystem, Craig et al., PLOS Climate Open Access 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000543
Early warning signs of salt marsh drowning indicated by widespread vulnerability from declining belowground plant biomass, Runion et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Open Access 10.1073/pnas.2425501122
Fungal Spore Seasons Advanced Across the US Over Two Decades of Climate Change, Wu et al., GeoHealth Open Access 10.1029/2024gh001323
High tree diversity exposed to unprecedented macroclimatic conditions even under minimal anthropogenic climate change, Boonman et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Open Access 10.1073/pnas.2420059122
Increased Drought Impacts on Vegetation Productivity in Drylands Under Climate Change, Chen et al., Geophysical Research Letters Open Access 10.1029/2025gl115616
Modeling climate change impacts on the potential distribution of bighorn sheep in Mexico, Zamora-Maldonado et al., Frontiers in Climate Open Access 10.3389/fclim.2025.1386632
More realistic plankton simulation models will improve projections of ocean ecosystem responses to global change, Flynn et al., Nature Ecology & Evolution 10.1038/s41559-025-02788-3
Reconciling wildlife governance in a changing climate: A systematic review of mule deer management in St’át’imc Territory, Andrascik & Grenz, Environmental Science & Policy Open Access 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104136
Soil carbon sequestration: Facilitated effect of extrafloral nectary trees in a diverse subtropical forest, Pan et al., Journal of Ecology 10.1111/1365-2745.70088
Warming enhances the negative impact of shrubs on community stability via reducing species asynchrony, Wang et al., Journal of Ecology 10.1111/1365-2745.70095
Winters restrict a climate change–driven butterfly range expansion despite rapid evolution of seasonal timing traits, Ittonen et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Open Access 10.1073/pnas.2418392122
GHG sources & sinks, flux, related geochemistry
Amplified bottom water acidification rates on the Bering Sea shelf from 1970–2022, Pilcher et al., Biogeosciences Open Access 10.5194/bg-22-3103-2025
Anthropogenic Carbon Dynamics: Concentrations, Transports, and Trends in the Western North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre, Santana?Toscano et al., Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Open Access 10.1029/2025jc022493
Drivers and Variability of Intensified Subsurface Ocean Acidification Trends at Station ALOHA, Knor et al., Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Open Access 10.1029/2024jc022251
Global Emissions and Abundances of Chemically and Radiatively Important Trace Gases from the AGAGE Network, Western et al., Open Access 10.5194/essd-2025-348
Global patterns and drivers of soil dissolved organic carbon concentrations, Ren & Cai Cai Cai, Earth System Science Data Open Access 10.5194/essd-17-2873-2025
Hysteretic temperature sensitivity in wetland CH4 emission modeling, Chen et al., Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110704
Inverse modelling of New Zealand’s carbon dioxide balance estimates a larger than expected carbon sink, Bukosa et al., Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Open Access 10.5194/acp-25-6445-2025
Probabilistic Assessment of Carbon Intensity in Selected Oil and Gas Fields in Ghana, Sokama?Neuyam et al., Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology 10.1002/ghg.2361
Spatial and temporal variations of gross primary production simulated by land surface model BCC&AVIM2.0, Li et al., Advances in Climate Change Research Open Access 10.1016/j.accre.2023.02.001
The carbon source-sink function of Hulun Lake, a large shallow eutrophic lake in northern China, Zhang et al., Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Open Access 10.3389/fevo.2025.1614198
CO2 capture, sequestration science & engineering
Exploring key dimensions of policy instruments for carbon dioxide removal, Winkler et al., Climate Policy Open Access 10.1080/14693062.2025.2521118
Optimisation of CO2 storage in saline aquifers: a field-scale mechanistic study on injection strategies, pressure management, and long-term containment, Dutta et al., Environmental Earth Sciences 10.1007/s12665-025-12390-2
Decarbonization
Assessing climate risks to Net Zero power system in Great Britain, Kuriakose et al., Carbon Management Open Access 10.1080/17583004.2025.2525932
How could your intention to purchase electric vehicle be stimulated? A behavioral spillover perspective based on pro-environmental attitude-behavior (in)congruence, Fu, Journal of Environmental Psychology 10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102673
Integrated modelling and ontologies of energy futures: The decarbonisation of maritime transport, Gould & Finiguerra, Energy Research & Social Science Open Access 10.1016/j.erss.2025.104195
Geoengineering climate
Political ideology and views toward solar geoengineering in the United States, Magistro et al., PLOS Climate Open Access 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000643
Climate change communications & cognition
Did the pandemic undermine climate concern in Europe? a re-assessment of the Finite Pool of Worry, Shao, Climate Policy 10.1080/14693062.2025.2510500
Young children’s global climate change salience and comprehension: The effect of parental perception and communication, Carballo-Losada et al., Journal of Environmental Psychology Open Access 10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102656
Agronomy, animal husbundry, food production & climate change
A strong El Niño significantly affects CH4, CO2, H2O and energy fluxes as well as grain yield in a Thai rainfed rice field, Setsungnern et al., Global and Planetary Change 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104896
Characterizing timber harvest occurrence and intensity to inform forest carbon management across the eastern United States, Russell et al., Frontiers in Forests and Global Change Open Access 10.3389/ffgc.2025.1594324
Climate adaptation through rice northward expansion aggravated groundwater overexploitation in Northeast China, Liang et al., Communications Earth & Environment Open Access 10.1038/s43247-025-02504-w
Climate and weather services can enhance Ethiopian farmers’ resilience to climate change: Economy-wide impact analysis, Tamru et al., Climate Risk Management Open Access 10.1016/j.crm.2025.100725
Climate change and forestry carbon sink: a literature review and visualization perspective, Zhang et al., Frontiers in Forests and Global Change Open Access 10.3389/ffgc.2025.1487503
Climate shocks and price dynamics: the role of Shinano River in transmitting ENSO effects to Japanese rice markets, Zhu, Frontiers in Environmental Science Open Access 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1634195
Determinants of transformative climate change adaptation in rural Zimbabwe: an afrocentric analysis, Tirivangasi & Nyahunda, Climate Policy Open Access 10.1080/14693062.2025.2521486
Estimation of seasonal methane fluxes over a Mediterranean rice paddy area using the Radon Tracer Method (RTM), Curcoll et al., Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Open Access 10.5194/acp-25-6299-2025
Modeling biochar effects on soil organic carbon on croplands in a microbial decomposition model (MIMICS-BC&v1.0), Han et al., Geoscientific Model Development Open Access 10.5194/gmd-17-4871-2024
Hydrology, hydrometeorology & climate change
Assessing Surface Water Resilience in India’s Largest Tech City: Remote Sensing Insights into Urbanization and Climate Change Impacts, Shukla et al., Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 10.1007/s12524-025-02245-5
Assessment of the Role of Anthropogenic Climate Change on an Unprecedented Heatwave Event over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau during August 2022, Chen et al., Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 10.1175/bams-d-24-0026.1
Attribution of Heat Extremes and its Health Effects in Yangtze River Basin in Late Summer 2024, Ren et al., Weather and Climate Extremes Open Access 10.1016/j.wace.2025.100787
Decreasing frequency of low and moderate fire weather days may be contributing to large wildfire occurrence in the northern Sierra Nevada, Collins, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110688
Fingerprint-Based Attribution and Constrained Projection of Global Risk of Daily Compound Hot Extremes, Li et al., Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 10.1029/2024jd041986
Firestorm in California: The new reality for wildland-urban interface regions, Amiri et al., Urban Climate Open Access 10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102528
Heat Wave Trends in Canadian Regions, Kirchmeier-Young et al., Atmosphere Open Access 10.1080/07055900.2025.2521501
The Emergence of Near-Permanent Marine Heatwave State in the Tropical Indian Ocean During 2023–2024, Soumya, International Journal of Climatology 10.1002/joc.70014
Growing threat of climate-induced abrupt dry-wet transitions in Northern China, Ji et al., Atmospheric Research 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108325
Impact of Climate Change on Consecutive Dry Days in Taiwan, Shanka et al., International Journal of Climatology Open Access 10.1002/joc.70008
Climate change economics
Increased Socioeconomic Impacts With Future Intensifying Flash Droughts in China, Li et al., Geophysical Research Letters Open Access 10.1029/2025gl116454
Occupational carbon footprints and exposure to climate transition risks, Zhang et al., Nature Communications Open Access 10.1038/s41467-025-61011-w
The effect of shadow economy, life expectancy, education, and income on CO2 emissions: an analysis of BRICS countries, Sart et al., Frontiers in Environmental Science Open Access 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1550389
Climate change mitigation public policy research
Adulthood Nature Exposure and Urban Living Are Associated with Climate Policy Support, Mediated by Climate Change Beliefs: A Structural Equation Modeling Study, Suko et al., Journal of Environmental Psychology 10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102652
Assessing the impact of climate indices on corn yield in the continental USA using machine learning approach, Sabut et al., Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110632
Climate commitments and energy transition pledges in Latin America: Where is the region headed?, Lazaro et al., Energy for Sustainable Development 10.1016/j.esd.2025.101779
Climate policy landscape and networks in China from 2000 to 2022, Yu et al., Climate Policy 10.1080/14693062.2025.2521485
Climate policy upscaling: the role of policy design in removing barriers to stringency, Buffier et al., Climate Policy Open Access 10.1080/14693062.2025.2523521
Confronting challenges and opportunities in climate policy and governance, Hsueh et al., PLOS Climate Open Access 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000668
Down to Extract with Zac Efron and Ewan McGregor: How Streaming Travel Docuseries and Sustainability Discourses Map Racial Geographies in Central America, Rossi, Environmental Communication 10.1080/17524032.2025.2521325
Empirical assessment of the relationship between teleworking frequency and residential energy use in the U.S.: multilevel modeling and time use comparisons, Han et al., Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability Open Access 10.1088/2634-4505/ade3fa
Empowering change: implementation of civil society climate actions in Southeast Asia, Ba & Sun, Climate Policy 10.1080/14693062.2025.2525508
Enhancing the understanding of the contribution of anthropogenic land system management to the achievement of climate neutrality, Sanz, PLOS Climate Open Access 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000663
How could your intention to purchase electric vehicle be stimulated? A behavioral spillover perspective based on pro-environmental attitude-behavior (in)congruence, Fu, Journal of Environmental Psychology 10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102673
Quantification of selected SDGs in the context of China’s climate mitigation pathway, HE et al., Advances in Climate Change Research Open Access 10.1016/j.accre.2025.03.006
Restoring credibility in carbon offsets through systematic ex post evaluation, Delacote et al., Nature Sustainability 10.1038/s41893-025-01589-7
Risks of relying on uncertain carbon dioxide removal in climate policy, Bindl et al., Nature Communications Open Access 10.1038/s41467-025-61106-4
Climate change adaptation & adaptation public policy research
A climate of public readiness: climate adaptation action, Beery & Bergstrom, Frontiers in Climate Open Access 10.3389/fclim.2025.1566104
A review of the climate change-disaster-conflict nexus and humanitarian framing of complex displacement contexts, See et al., Climate and Development Open Access 10.1080/17565529.2025.2514027
Bridging the gap: Promoting gender equity in climate change adaptation in the global south, Prakash et al., PLOS Climate Open Access 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000556
Enhancing citizen climate resilience identification: A customization methodology to tailor comfort metrics to individual preferences, Palomo Amores et al., Urban Climate Open Access 10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102484
Feature importance of climate vulnerability indicators with gradient boosting across five global cities, Cano Pecharroman et al., Frontiers in Climate Open Access 10.3389/fclim.2025.1521507
Institutional dynamics in climate change adaptation – a bibliometric analysis, Jaisridhar et al., Frontiers in Environmental Science Open Access 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1598908
Mainstreaming the local climate zone framework for climate-resilient cities, Yang et al., Nature Communications Open Access 10.1038/s41467-025-61394-w
Priorities for consent-based and well-supported climate relocations, Bower et al., Nature Communications Open Access 10.1038/s41467-025-61285-0
Refugees and host communities’ vulnerability to climate and disaster risks in Rwanda, Dampha et al., Frontiers in Climate Open Access 10.3389/fclim.2025.1465223
Risk and adaptation of socio-ecological systems to global change in the dry forests of Northeastern South America, Niemeyer et al., Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Open Access 10.3389/fevo.2025.1536445
Risk tolerance and climate change adaptation: A need for transparency in policy assumptions and implications, Brown, Environmental Science & Policy Open Access 10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104150
Towards climate-responsive communities: Exploring the nonlinear relationship between residential morphology and land surface temperature, Ma et al., Urban Climate 10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102500
Using Cultural Heritage in Climate Adaptation: Fields of Application and Functions, Erbach, WIREs Climate Change Open Access 10.1002/wcc.70011
Weather information sources, sharing platforms, and trustworthiness for climate change adaptation in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, Chapagain et al., Climate and Development 10.1080/17565529.2025.2509816
Climate change impacts on human health
Future overheating risk in prisons in England and Wales using the UK climate projections, Sanderson et al., Frontiers in Climate Open Access 10.3389/fclim.2025.1611715
Identifying impacts of extreme weather events on mental health in the Republic of Ireland using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) index and machine learning, Batool et al., Journal of Environmental Psychology Open Access 10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102670
Other
Challenges of pluralizing knowledge(s) in climate related decision-making, Mansur et al., PLOS Climate Open Access 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000658
Drivers of Water Mass Volume Changes in the Nordic Seas (2005–2020), Almeida et al., Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Open Access 10.1029/2024jc022209
The shame of the world in ordinary climate politics, Dillet, Environmental Politics Open Access 10.1080/09644016.2025.2526906
Informed opinion, nudges & major initiatives
Losing glaciers: A call for emotional engagement and expanded collaboration in research on the ecological crisis, Varutti et al., The Anthropocene Review 10.1177/20530196251334762
Women climate scientists are connected, productive, and successful but have shorter careers, Martin et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Open Access 10.1073/pnas.2506023122
Articles/Reports from Agencies and Non-Governmental Organizations Addressing Aspects of Climate Change
NDCs as levers for prosperity, health and resilience, Denton et al, Climate Crisis Advisory Group
Current Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) are not meeting the urgency or scale of the climate crisis. On the present course, they leave the world heading towards 3°C of warming – well beyond the 1.5°C target set in the Paris Agreement. This report positions NDCs as strategic national tools to drive inclusive growth, resilience, and public well-being. The authors present 10 transformative recommendations to help countries embed climate ambition into national development strategies. These are grouped under four themes: driving prosperity and stability, building healthy and resilient communities, ensuring effective and equitable implementation, and accelerating action and ambition. Collectively, they show how NDCs can become levers for green investment, job creation, and systemic reform – offering a pathway from climate risk to shared, sustainable prosperity. Governments must use the NDC cycle as an opportunity not only to ratchet ambition, but to make climate action a cornerstone of economic and social policy.
Delta Adapts: Creating a Climate Resilient Future. Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Climate Change Adaptation Plan, Vandever et al., Delta Stewardship Council
Through the adaptation plan, the Delta Stewardship Council established a model for science-based decision-making, coordination, and collaboration between the many partners in the Delta that can serve as a model for adapting to climate change. Delta Adapts builds on the Delta Plan through a first-ever comprehensive, regional approach to climate resilience and a commitment to collaborating on adaptation activities across federal, state, local, and regional levels for the Delta and Suisun Marsh (collectively, “the Delta”).
Air and greenhouse gas pollution from private jets, 2023, Daneil Sitompul and Dan Rutherford, International Council on Clean Transportation
While there are several high-fidelity emission inventories for commercial aviation, data on greenhouse gas (GHG) and air pollution from general aviation aircraft, notably private jets activity, remain limited. The authors fill this gap by estimating how much, and where, air and GHG pollution was emitted globally by private jets in 2023. The authors used both a top-down and bottom-up emissions inventory for private jet flights using a variety of data sources, including global flight trajectories, airport coordinates, and engine emission databases.
The 2 Trillion Dollars Question. A Review of Short-Term Climate Risks for Global Infrastructures, Callendar
Based on data from the Global Infrastructure Risk Model and Resilience Index (GIRI), the authors estimate that infrastructure assets worldwide face nearly $2 trillion in direct losses over the next decade due to climate-related hazards such as floods, heavy rainfall, storm surge and wind. In Europe, $338 billion could be lost in climate-related damage to infrastructure over the next 10 years, primarily affecting roads and railways ($174 billion), power infrastructure ($110 billion) and telecommunications ($46 billion). France is the most exposed European country and the fifth most exposed country globally. Adapting existing infrastructure often remains excessively complex, costly, or, in some cases, simply impossible. This is why timing is critical. A large share of the world’s infrastructure is now approaching, or has already exceeded, its intended lifespan. Roads, bridges, pipelines and power grids built during the mid-20th century are due for renewal. This creates a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity: when assets are already scheduled for rehabilitation or replacement, integrating climate resilience can be achieved at marginal additional cost, while significantly reducing future risks and delivering long-term co-benefits.
Sustainability at the Crossroads Visualizing Sustainability, Getty Images
Based on consumer research conducted over the last year, consumer attitudes toward sustainability have become increasingly complex. This research highlights a key tension; while consumers expect businesses to lead on climate action, they are also wary of empty promises and greenwashing. The data—featured throughout the report—highlights how consumer expectations around sustainability continue to evolve. While transparency and accountability remain important, the data indicates that brands are also navigating new challenges in communicating progress with today’s climate-conscious consumers. Climate change continues to be a universal concern, but concern for sustainability trails by a wide margin…despite the relation. Extreme weather events, such as heat waves, floods, and fires which impact daily life, are most likely contributing to the strong global concern. While sustainability, which is less tangible, barely makes it into the top 10, even in eco-friendly Germany.
Progress in reducing emissions 2025 report to Parliament, Climate Change Committee
Emissions in the UK have been steadily decreasing, with levels in 2024 50.4% below those in 1990. The UK’s territorial emissions, including international aviation and shipping, were 413.7 MtCO2e in 2024, a 2.5% reduction from 2023, which marks the tenth consecutive year of sustained reduction in emissions, excluding the COVID-19 pandemic years 2020 and 2021. The emissions reduction in 2024 was driven by the electricity supply and industry sectors, with the UK’s last coal-fired electricity power station, Ratcliffe-on-Soar, closing in October 2024. This was partially offset by an increase in emissions from flying. As a result of this increase, aviation now contributes a greater share of total UK emissions than the entire electricity supply sector. Continued emissions growth in this sector could put future targets at risk. Over 80% of the required emissions savings between now and 2030 need to come from sectors other than energy supply.
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